Marc K. Jenkins, PhD
Regents and Distinguished McKnight University Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Contact Info
Regents and Distinguished McKnight University Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Director, Center for Immunology (CFI)
Preceptor, Medical Scientist Training Program (Combined MD/PhD Training Program)
Faculty, Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology (MICaB) Ph.D. Graduate Program
PhD, Northwestern University, 1985
Research
Research Summary/Interests
CD4+ T and B lymphocyte biology
Dr. Jenkins and his colleagues investigate CD4+ T and B cell activation in vivo by directly tracking antigen-specific cells. The goal of this research is a basic understanding of lymphocyte activation that can be used to improve vaccines and prevent autoimmunity.
Publications
Two sequential activation modules control the differentiation of protective T helper-1 cells.
Krueger PD, Goldberg MF, Hong SW, Osum KC, Langlois RA, Kotov DI, Dileepan T, Jenkins MK. Immunity. 2021 Mar 23:S1074-7613(21)00118-7. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.006. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 33773107
Initial determination of COVID-19 seroprevalence among outpatients and healthcare workers in Minnesota using a novel SARS-CoV-2 total antibody ELISA.
Thomas SN, Altawallbeh G, Zaun CP, Pape KA, Peters JM, Titcombe PJ, Dileepan T, Rapp MJ, Bold TD, Schacker TW, Arbefeville S, Ferrieri P, Thyagarajan B, Jenkins MK, Karger AB. Clin Biochem. 2021 Apr;90:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.01.010. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
PMID: 33539808
Modulating the quantity of HIV Env-specific CD4 T cell help promotes rare B cell responses in germinal centers.
Lee JH, Hu JK, Georgeson E, Nakao C, Groschel B, Dileepan T, Jenkins MK, Seumois G, Vijayanand P, Schief WR, Crotty S. J Exp Med. 2021 Feb 1;218(2):e20201254. doi: 10.1084/jem.20201254.
PMID: 33355623
Cutting Edge: Mouse SARS-CoV-2 Epitope Reveals Infection and Vaccine-Elicited CD8 T Cell Responses.
Joag V, Wijeyesinghe S, Stolley JM, Quarnstrom CF, Dileepan T, Soerens AG, Sangala JA, O'Flanagan SD, Gavil NV, Hong SW, Bhela S, Gangadhara S, Weyu E, Matchett WE, Thiede J, Krishna V, Cheeran MC, Bold TD, Amara R, Southern P, Hart GT, Schifanella L, Vezys V, Jenkins MK, Langlois RA, Masopust D. J Immunol. 2021 Mar 1;206(5):931-935. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001400. Epub 2021 Jan 13.
PMID: 33441437
SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and serology testing of COVID-19 convalescent plasma from donors with nonsevere disease.
Gniadek TJ, Thiede JM, Matchett WE, Gress AR, Pape KA, Fiege JK, Jenkins MK, Menachery VD, Langlois RA, Bold TD. Transfusion. 2021 Jan;61(1):17-23. doi: 10.1111/trf.16101. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
PMID: 32935872
Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Exhibit Distinct Kinetic and Phenotypic Patterns During Primary and Secondary Responses to Infection.
Malhotra D, Burrack KS, Jenkins MK, Frosch AE. Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 2;11:2125. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02125. eCollection 2020.
PMID: 32983171
SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and serology testing of COVID-19 convalescent plasma from donors with non-severe disease.
Gniadek TJ, Thiede JM, Matchett WE, Gress AR, Pape KA, Jenkins MK, Menachery VD, Langlois RA, Bold TD. bioRxiv. 2020 Aug 10:2020.08.07.242271. doi: 10.1101/2020.08.07.242271. Preprint.
PMID: 32817936
Inventories of naive and tolerant mouse CD4 T cell repertoires reveal a hierarchy of deleted and diverted T cell receptors.
Hassler T, Urmann E, Teschner S, Federle C, Dileepan T, Schober K,Jenkins MK, Busch DH, Hinterberger M, Klein L.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 26. pii: 201907615. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907615116. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 31451631
A Thpok-Directed Transcriptional Circuitry Promotes Bcl6 and Maf Expression to Orchestrate T Follicular Helper Differentiation.
Vacchio MS, Ciucci T, Gao Y, Watanabe M, Balmaceno-Criss M, McGinty MT, Huang A, Xiao Q, McConkey C, Zhao Y, Shetty J, Tran B, Pepper M, Vahedi G,Jenkins MK, McGavern DB, Bosselut R.
Immunity. 2019 Aug 13. pii: S1074-7613(19)30293-6. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.023. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 31422869
BCL6 corepressor contributes to Th17 cell formation by inhibiting Th17 fate suppressors.
Kotov JA, Kotov DI, Linehan JL, Bardwell VJ, Gearhart MD,Jenkins MK.
J Exp Med. 2019 Jun 3;216(6):1450-1464. doi: 10.1084/jem.20182376. Epub 2019 May 3.
PMID: 31053612
Peptide:MHCII Tetramer-Based Cell Enrichment for the Study of Epitope-Specific CD4+T Cells.
Kotov DI,Jenkins MK.
Curr Protoc Immunol. 2019 Jun;125(1):e75. doi: 10.1002/cpim.75. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
PMID: 31034767
TCR Affinity Biases Th Cell Differentiation by Regulating CD25, Eef1e1, and Gbp2.
Kotov DI, Mitchell JS, Pengo T, Ruedl C, Way SS, Langlois RA, Fife BT,Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2019 May 1;202(9):2535-2545. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801609. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
PMID: 30858199
Cutting Edge: T Cell-Dependent Plasmablasts Form in the Absence of Single Differentiated CD4+T Cell Subsets.
Kotov JA,Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2019 Jan 15;202(2):401-405. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801349. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
PMID: 30552165
Chrysalis: A New Method for High-Throughput Histo-Cytometry Analysis of Images and Movies.
Kotov DI, Pengo T, Mitchell JS, Gastinger MJ,Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2019 Jan 1;202(1):300-308. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801202. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
PMID: 30510065
Salmonella Persist in Activated Macrophages in T Cell-Sparse Granulomas but Are Contained by Surrounding CXCR3 Ligand-Positioned Th1 Cells.
Goldberg MF, Roeske EK, Ward LN, Pengo T, Dileepan T, Kotov DI,Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2018 Dec 18;49(6):1090-1102.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
PMID: 30552021
Enrichment and Quantification of Epitope-specific CD4+ T Lymphocytes using Ferromagnetic Iron-gold and Nickel Nanowires.
Shore DE, Dileepan T, Modiano JF,Jenkins MK, Stadler BJH.
Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 24;8(1):15696. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33910-0.
PMID: 30356071
Regulatory CD4+T Cells Recognize Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecule-Restricted Peptide Epitopes of Apolipoprotein B.
Kimura T, Kobiyama K, Winkels H, Tse K, Miller J, Vassallo M, Wolf D, Ryden C, Orecchioni M, Dileepan T,Jenkins MK, James EA, Kwok WW, Hanna DB, Kaplan RC, Strickler HD, Durkin HG, Kassaye SG, Karim R, Tien PC, Landay AL, Gange SJ, Sidney J, Sette A, Ley K.
Circulation. 2018 Sep 11;138(11):1130-1143. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031420.
PMID: 29588316
Naive B Cells with High-Avidity Germline-Encoded Antigen Receptors Produce Persistent IgM+and Transient IgG+Memory B Cells.
Pape KA, Maul RW, Dileepan T, Paustian AS, Gearhart PJ,Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2018 Jun 19;48(6):1135-1143.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.019. Epub 2018 Jun 5.
PMID: 29884459
Many Th Cell Subsets Have Fas Ligand-Dependent Cytotoxic Potential.
Kotov DI, Kotov JA, Goldberg MF,Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2018 Mar 15;200(6):2004-2012. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700420. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
PMID: 29436413
Cutting Edge: Allograft Rejection Is Associated with Weak T Cell Responses to Many Different Graft Leukocyte-Derived Peptides.
Burrack AL, Malhotra D, Dileepan T, Osum KC, Swanson LA, Fife BT,Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2018 Jan 15;200(2):477-482. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701434. Epub 2017 Dec 18.
PMID: 29255075
Do Memory B Cells Form Secondary Germinal Centers? It Depends.
Pape KA,Jenkins MK.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2018 Jan 2;10(1). pii: a029116. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029116. Review.
PMID: 28320756
Increased Effector Memory Insulin-Specific CD4+T Cells Correlate With Insulin Autoantibodies in Patients With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.
Spanier JA, Sahli NL, Wilson JC, Martinov T, Dileepan T, Burrack AL, Finger EB, Blazar BR, Michels AW, Moran A,Jenkins MK, Fife BT.
Diabetes. 2017 Dec;66(12):3051-3060. doi: 10.2337/db17-0666. Epub 2017 Aug 25.
PMID: 28842400
Identification of Natural Regulatory T Cell Epitopes Reveals Convergence on a Dominant Autoantigen.
Leonard JD, Gilmore DC, Dileepan T, Nawrocka WI, Chao JL, Schoenbach MH,Jenkins MK, Adams EJ, Savage PA.
Immunity. 2017 Jul 18;47(1):107-117.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.015. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
PMID: 28709804
Cutting Edge: Adenosine A2a Receptor Signals Inhibit Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation during the Primary Response to Vaccination.
Schmiel SE, Yang JA,Jenkins MK, Mueller DL.
J Immunol. 2017 Jan 15;198(2):623-628. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601686. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
PMID: 27986907
Identification of MHC-Bound Peptides from Dendritic Cells Infected with Salmonella enterica Strain SL1344: Implications for a Nontyphoidal Salmonella Vaccine.
Karunakaran KP, Yu H, Jiang X, Chan Q, Goldberg MF,Jenkins MK, Foster LJ, Brunham RC.
J Proteome Res. 2017 Jan 6;16(1):298-306. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00926. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
PMID: 27802388
Efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies against peptide in the context of MHCII using magnetic enrichment.
Spanier JA, Frederick DR, Taylor JJ, Heffernan JR, Kotov DI, Martinov T, Osum KC, Ruggiero JL, Rust BJ, Landry SJ, Jenkins MK, McLachlan JB, Fife BT.
Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 13;7:11804. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11804.
PMID: 27292946
Regulatory T Cells: A Crisis Averted.
Malhotra D, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2016 May 17;44(5):1079-81. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.025.
PMID: 27192571
Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune traits in laboratory mice.
Beura LK, Hamilton SE, Bi K, Schenkel JM, Odumade OA, Casey KA, Thompson EA, Fraser KA, Rosato PC, Filali-Mouhim A, Sekaly RP, Jenkins MK, Vezys V, Haining WN, Jameson SC, Masopust D.
Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):512-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17655. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
PMID: 27096360
CD4(+) T cell anergy prevents autoimmunity and generates regulatory T cell precursors.
Kalekar LA, Schmiel SE, Nandiwada SL, Lam WY, Barsness LO, Zhang N, Stritesky GL, Malhotra D, Pauken KE, Linehan JL, O'Sullivan MG, Fife BT, Hogquist KA, Jenkins MK, Mueller DL.
Nat Immunol. 2016 Mar;17(3):304-14. doi: 10.1038/ni.3331. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
PMID: 26829766
Most microbe-specific naïve CD4? T cells produce memory cells during infection.
Tubo NJ, Fife BT, Pagan AJ, Kotov DI, Goldberg MF, Jenkins MK.
Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):511-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0483.
PMID: 26823430
Tolerance is established in polyclonal CD4(+) T cells by distinct mechanisms, according to self-peptide expression patterns.
Malhotra D, Linehan JL, Dileepan T, Lee YJ, Purtha WE, Lu JV, Nelson RW, Fife BT, Orr HT, Anderson MS, Hogquist KA, Jenkins MK.
Nat Immunol. 2016 Feb;17(2):187-95. doi: 10.1038/ni.3327. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
PMID: 26726812
Generation of Th17 cells in response to intranasal infection requires TGF-?1 from dendritic cells and IL-6 from CD301b+ dendritic cells.
Linehan JL, Dileepan T, Kashem SW, Kaplan DH, Cleary P, Jenkins MK.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Oct 13;112(41):12782-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1513532112. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
PMID: 26417101
Adaptive Immunity to Leukemia Is Inhibited by Cross-Reactive Induced Regulatory T Cells.
Manlove LS, Berquam-Vrieze KE, Pauken KE, Williams RT, Jenkins MK, Farrar MA.
J Immunol. 2015 Oct 15;195(8):4028-37. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501291. Epub 2015 Sep 16.
PMID: 26378075
The Neonatal CD4+ T Cell Response to a Single Epitope Varies in Genetically Identical Mice.
Nelson RW, Rajpal MN, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2015 Sep 1;195(5):2115-21. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500405. Epub 2015 Jul 15.
PMID: 26179899
Cutting edge: Bcl6-interacting corepressor contributes to germinal center T follicular helper cell formation and B cell helper function.
Yang JA, Tubo NJ, Gearhart MD, Bardwell VJ, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2015 Jun 15;194(12):5604-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500201. Epub 2015 May 11.
PMID: 25964495
TCR ITAM multiplicity is required for the generation of follicular helper T-cells.
Hwang S, Palin AC, Li L, Song KD, Lee J, Herz J, Tubo N, Chu H, Pepper M, Lesourne R, Zvezdova E, Pinkhasov J, Jenkins MK, McGavern D, Love PE.
Nat Commun. 2015 May 11;6:6982. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7982.
PMID: 25959494
The human T-cell repertoire grows up.
Moon JJ, Jenkins MK.
Immunol Cell Biol. 2015 Aug;93(7):601-2. doi: 10.1038/icb.2015.50. Epub 2015 May 5. No abstract available.
PMID: 25939281
Calnexin induces expansion of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells that confer immunity to fungal ascomycetes via conserved epitopes.
Wüthrich M, Brandhorst TT, Sullivan TD, Filutowicz H, Sterkel A, Stewart D, Li M, Lerksuthirat T, LeBert V, Shen ZT, Ostroff G, Deepe GS Jr, Hung CY, Cole G, Walter JA, Jenkins MK, Klein B.
Cell Host Microbe. 2015 Apr 8;17(4):452-65. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.009. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
PMID: 25800545
Cutting edge: identification of autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets resistant to PD-1 pathway blockade.
Pauken KE, Nelson CE, Martinov T, Spanier JA, Heffernan JR, Sahli NL, Quarnstrom CF, Osum KC, Schenkel JM, Jenkins MK, Blazar BR, Vezys V, Fife BT.
J Immunol. 2015 Apr 15;194(8):3551-5. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402262. Epub 2015 Mar 13.
PMID: 25769925
Chitin recognition via chitotriosidase promotes pathologic type-2 helper T cell responses to cryptococcal infection.
Wiesner DL, Specht CA, Lee CK, Smith KD, Mukaremera L, Lee ST, Lee CG, Elias JA, Nielsen JN, Boulware DR, Bohjanen PR, Jenkins MK, Levitz SM, Nielsen K.
PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar 12;11(3):e1004701. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004701. eCollection 2015 Mar.
PMID: 25764512
The transcription factor KLF2 restrains CD4? T follicular helper cell differentiation.
Lee JY, Skon CN, Lee YJ, Oh S, Taylor JJ, Malhotra D, Jenkins MK, Rosenfeld MG, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC.
Immunity. 2015 Feb 17;42(2):252-64. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.01.013.
PMID: 25692701
Humoral immunity. Apoptosis and antigen affinity limit effector cell differentiation of a single naïve B cell.
Taylor JJ, Pape KA, Steach HR, Jenkins MK.
Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):784-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1342. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
PMID: 25636798
TCR signal quantity and quality in CD4+ T cell differentiation.
Tubo NJ, Jenkins MK.
Trends Immunol. 2014 Oct 22;35(12):591-596. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2014.09.008. [Epub ahead of print] Review.
PMID: 25457838
The in vivo response of naive CD4+ T cells.
Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2014 Oct 15;193(8):3829-31. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1490035. No abstract available.
PMID: 25281752
Focused specificity of intestinal TH17 cells towards commensal bacterial antigens
Yang Y, Torchinsky MB, Gobert M, Xiong H, Xu M, Linehan JL, Alonzo F, Ng C, Chen A, Lin X, Sczesnak A, Liao JJ, Torres VJ, Jenkins MK, Lafaille JJ, Littman DR
Nature. 2014 Jun 5;510(7503):152-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13279. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
PMID: 24739972
CD4+ T Cells: guardians of the phagosome.
Tubo NJ, Jenkins MK.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014 Apr;27(2):200-13. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00097-13. Review.
PMID: 24696433
Hapten-specific naïve B cells are biomarkers of vaccine efficacy against drugs of abuse.
Taylor JJ, Laudenbach M, Tucker AM, Jenkins MK, Pravetoni M.
J Immunol Methods. 2014 Mar;405:74-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.01.010. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
PMID: 24462800
Cutting edge: type 1 diabetes occurs despite robust anergy among endogenous insulin-specific CD4 T cells in NOD mice.
Pauken KE, Linehan JL, Spanier JA, Sahli NL, Kalekar LA, Binstadt BA, Moon JJ, Mueller DL, Jenkins MK, Fife BT.
J Immunol. 2013 Nov 15;191(10):4913-7. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301927. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
PMID: 24123682
Single naive CD4+ T cells from a diverse repertoire produce different effector cell types during infection.
Tubo NJ, Pagán AJ, Taylor JJ, Nelson RW, Linehan JL, Ertelt JM, Huseby ES, Way SS, Jenkins MK.
Cell. 2013 May 9;153(4):785-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.007.
PMID: 23663778
PD-1, but not PD-L1, expressed by islet-reactive CD4+ T cells suppresses infiltration of the pancreas during type 1 diabetes.
Pauken KE, Jenkins MK, Azuma M, Fife BT.
Diabetes. 2013 Aug;62(8):2859-69. doi: 10.2337/db12-1475. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
PMID: 23545706
CD4+ T cell persistence and function after infection are maintained by low-level peptide:MHC class II presentation.
Nelson RW, McLachlan JB, Kurtz JR, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2013 Mar 15;190(6):2828-34. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202183. Epub 2013 Feb 4.
PMID: 23382562
Tracking antigen-specific CD4+ T cells throughout the course of chronic Leishmania major infection in resistant mice.
Pagán AJ, Peters NC, Debrabant A, Ribeiro-Gomes F, Pepper M, Karp CL, Jenkins MK, Sacks DL.
Eur J Immunol. 2013 Feb;43(2):427-38. doi: 10.1002/eji.201242715. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
PMID: 23109292
Deletion and anergy of polyclonal B cells specific for ubiquitous membrane-bound self-antigen.
Taylor JJ, Martinez RJ, Titcombe PJ, Barsness LO, Thomas SR, Zhang N, Katzman SD, Jenkins MK, Mueller DL.
J Exp Med. 2012 Oct 22;209(11):2065-77. doi: 10.1084/jem.20112272. Epub 2012 Oct 15.
PMID: 23071255
Heterogeneity in the differentiation and function of memory B cells.
Taylor JJ, Jenkins MK, Pape KA.
Trends Immunol. 2012 Dec;33(12):590-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2012.07.005. Epub 2012 Aug 21. Review.
PMID: 22920843
CD28 promotes CD4+ T cell clonal expansion during infection independently of its YMNM and PYAP motifs.
Pagán AJ, Pepper M, Chu HH, Green JM, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2012 Sep 15;189(6):2909-17. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103231. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
PMID: 22896637
The role of naive T cell precursor frequency and recruitment in dictating immune response magnitude.
Jenkins MK, Moon JJ.
J Immunol. 2012 May 1;188(9):4135-40. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102661. Review.
PMID: 22517866
A germinal center-independent pathway generates unswitched memory B cells early in the primary response.
Taylor JJ, Pape KA, Jenkins MK.
J Exp Med. 2012 Mar 12;209(3):597-606. doi: 10.1084/jem.20111696. Epub 2012 Feb 27.
PMID: 22370719
Arthritogenic self-reactive CD4+ T cells acquire an FR4hiCD73hi anergic state in the presence of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.
Martinez RJ, Zhang N, Thomas SR, Nandiwada SL, Jenkins MK, Binstadt BA, Mueller DL.
J Immunol. 2012 Jan 1;188(1):170-81. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101311. Epub 2011 Nov 28.
PMID: 22124124
Opposing signals from the Bcl6 transcription factor and the interleukin-2 receptor generate T helper 1 central and effector memory cells.
Pepper M, Pagán AJ, Igyártó BZ, Taylor JJ, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2011 Oct 28;35(4):583-95. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.009. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
PMID: 22018468
Robust antigen specific th17 T cell response to group A Streptococcus is dependent on IL-6 and intranasal route of infection.
Dileepan T, Linehan JL, Moon JJ, Pepper M, Jenkins MK, Cleary PP.
PLoS Pathog. 2011 Sep;7(9):e1002252. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002252. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
PMID: 21966268
Quantitative impact of thymic selection on Foxp3+ and Foxp3- subsets of self-peptide/MHC class II-specific CD4+ T cells.
Moon JJ, Dash P, Oguin TH 3rd, McClaren JL, Chu HH, Thomas PG, Jenkins MK.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 30;108(35):14602-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1109806108. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
PMID: 21873213
Origins of CD4(+) effector and central memory T cells.
Pepper M, Jenkins MK.
Nat Immunol. 2011 Jun;12(6):467-71. Review.
PMID: 21739668
CD4+ memory T cell survival.
Taylor JJ, Jenkins MK.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2011 Jun;23(3):319-23. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.03.010. Epub 2011 Apr 27. Review.
PMID: 21524898
Different B cell populations mediate early and late memory during an endogenous immune response.
Pape KA, Taylor JJ, Maul RW, Gearhart PJ, Jenkins MK.
Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1203-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1201730. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
PMID: 21310965
Negative selection and peptide chemistry determine the size of naive foreign peptide-MHC class II-specific CD4+ T cell populations.
Chu HH, Moon JJ, Kruse AC, Pepper M, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2010 Oct 15;185(8):4705-13. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002276. Epub 2010 Sep 22.
PMID: 20861357
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells optimize diversity of the conventional T cell repertoire during reconstitution from lymphopenia.
Winstead CJ, Reilly CS, Moon JJ, Jenkins MK, Hamilton SE, Jameson SC, Way SS, Khoruts A.
J Immunol. 2010 May 1;184(9):4749-60. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904076. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
PMID: 20357265
On the composition of the preimmune repertoire of T cells specific for Peptide-major histocompatibility complex ligands.
Jenkins MK, Chu HH, McLachlan JB, Moon JJ.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:275-94. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101253. Review.
PMID: 20307209
A protease-dependent mechanism for initiating T-dependent B cell responses to large particulate antigens.
Catron DM, Pape KA, Fife BT, van Rooijen N, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2010 Apr 1;184(7):3609-17. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000077. Epub 2010 Mar 5.
PMID: 20208013
Different routes of bacterial infection induce long-lived TH1 memory cells and short-lived TH17 cells.
Pepper M, Linehan JL, Pagán AJ, Zell T, Dileepan T, Cleary PP, Jenkins MK.
Nat Immunol. 2010 Jan;11(1):83-9. doi: 10.1038/ni.1826. Epub 2009 Nov 22.
PMID: 19935657
Positive selection optimizes the number and function of MHCII-restricted CD4+ T cell clones in the naive polyclonal repertoire.
Chu HH, Moon JJ, Takada K, Pepper M, Molitor JA, Schacker TW, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC, Jenkins MK.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 7;106(27):11241-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0902015106. Epub 2009 Jun 18.
PMID: 19541603
Tracking epitope-specific T cells.
Moon JJ, Chu HH, Hataye J, Pagán AJ, Pepper M, McLachlan JB, Zell T, Jenkins MK.
Nat Protoc. 2009;4(4):565-81. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2009.9.
PMID: 19373228
Dendritic cell antigen presentation drives simultaneous cytokine production by effector and regulatory T cells in inflamed skin.
McLachlan JB, Catron DM, Moon JJ, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2009 Feb 20;30(2):277-88. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.013. Epub 2009 Feb 5.
PMID: 19200757
Imaging the immune system.
Jenkins MK.
Immunol Rev. 2008 Feb;221:5-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00594.x. No abstract available.
PMID: 18275471
Linked T cell receptor and cytokine signaling govern the development of the regulatory T cell repertoire.
Burchill MA, Yang J, Vang KB, Moon JJ, Chu HH, Lio CW, Vegoe AL, Hsieh CS, Jenkins MK, Farrar MA.
Immunity. 2008 Jan;28(1):112-21. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.11.022.
PMID: 18199418
Proliferating CD4+ T cells undergo immediate growth arrest upon cessation of TCR signaling in vivo.
Yarke CA, Dalheimer SL, Zhang N, Catron DM, Jenkins MK, Mueller DL.
J Immunol. 2008 Jan 1;180(1):156-62.
PMID: 18097015
Naive CD4(+) T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude.
Moon JJ, Chu HH, Pepper M, McSorley SJ, Jameson SC, Kedl RM, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2007 Aug;27(2):203-13. Epub 2007 Aug 16.
PMID: 17707129
Migration and accumulation of effector CD4+ T cells in nonlymphoid tissues.
McLachlan JB, Jenkins MK.
Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2007 Aug 15;4(5):439-42.
PMID: 17684285
CCR6-dependent recruitment of blood phagocytes is necessary for rapid CD4 T cell responses to local bacterial infection.
Ravindran R, Rusch L, Itano A, Jenkins MK, McSorley SJ.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 17;104(29):12075-80. Epub 2007 Jul 5.
PMID: 17615242
The humoral immune response is initiated in lymph nodes by B cells that acquire soluble antigen directly in the follicles.
Pape KA, Catron DM, Itano AA, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2007 Apr;26(4):491-502. Epub 2007 Mar 22.
PMID: 17379546
CD154+ graft antigen-specific CD4+ T cells are sufficient for chronic rejection of minor antigen incompatible heart grafts.
Huddleston SJ, Hays WS, Filatenkov A, Ingulli E, Jenkins MK.
Am J Transplant. 2006 Jun;6(6):1312-9.
PMID: 16686755
CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells facilitate CD4+ T cell clonal anergy induction during the recovery from lymphopenia.
Vanasek TL, Nandiwada SL, Jenkins MK, Mueller DL.
J Immunol. 2006 May 15;176(10):5880-9.
PMID: 16670295
CD4+ T cells that enter the draining lymph nodes after antigen injection participate in the primary response and become central-memory cells.
Catron DM, Rusch LK, Hataye J, Itano AA, Jenkins MK.
J Exp Med. 2006 Apr 17;203(4):1045-54. Epub 2006 Mar 27.
PMID: 16567390
Naive and memory CD4+ T cell survival controlled by clonal abundance.
Hataye J, Moon JJ, Khoruts A, Reilly C, Jenkins MK.
Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):114-6. Epub 2006 Mar 2.
PMID: 16513943
In vivo assessment of the relative contributions of deletion, anergy, and editing to B cell self-tolerance.
Hippen KL, Schram BR, Tze LE, Pape KA, Jenkins MK, Behrens TW.
J Immunol. 2005 Jul 15;175(2):909-16.
PMID: 16002689
Primary induction of CD4 T cell responses in nasal associated lymphoid tissue during group A streptococcal infection.
Park HS, Costalonga M, Reinhardt RL, Dombek PE, Jenkins MK, Cleary PP.
Eur J Immunol. 2004 Oct;34(10):2843-53.
PMID: 15368301
Visualizing the first 50 hr of the primary immune response to a soluble antigen.
Catron DM, Itano AA, Pape KA, Mueller DL, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2004 Sep;21(3):341-7. Review.
PMID: 15357945
IL-1 acts on antigen-presenting cells to enhance the in vivo proliferation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells via a CD28-dependent mechanism that does not involve increased expression of CD28 ligands
Khoruts A, Osness RE, Jenkins MK
Eur J Immunol. 2004 Apr;34(4):1085-90.
PMID: 15048719
Indirect minor histocompatibility antigen presentation by allograft recipient cells in the draining lymph node leads to the activation and clonal expansion of CD4+ T cells that cause obliterative airways disease.
Richards DM, Dalheimer SL, Ehst BD, Vanasek TL, Jenkins MK, Hertz MI, Mueller DL.
J Immunol. 2004 Mar 15;172(6):3469-79.
PMID: 15004147
Development of a novel transgenic mouse for the study of interactions between CD4 and CD8 T cells during graft rejection.
Ehst BD, Ingulli E, Jenkins MK.
Am J Transplant. 2003 Nov;3(11):1355-62.
PMID: 14525595
Whole-body analysis of T cell responses.
Reinhardt RL, Jenkins MK.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Aug;15(4):366-71. Review.
PMID: 12900265
Antigen presentation to naive CD4 T cells in the lymph node.
Itano AA, Jenkins MK.
Nat Immunol. 2003 Aug;4(8):733-9. Review.
PMID: 12888794
Distinct dendritic cell populations sequentially present antigen to CD4 T cells and stimulate different aspects of cell-mediated immunity.
Itano AA, McSorley SJ, Reinhardt RL, Ehst BD, Ingulli E, Rudensky AY, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2003 Jul;19(1):47-57.
PMID: 12871638
Visualization of the genesis and fate of isotype-switched B cells during a primary immune response.
Pape KA, Kouskoff V, Nemazee D, Tang HL, Cyster JG, Tze LE, Hippen KL, Behrens TW, Jenkins MK.
J Exp Med. 2003 Jun 16;197(12):1677-87. Epub 2003 Jun 9.
PMID: 12796466
Preferential accumulation of antigen-specific effector CD4 T cells at an antigen injection site involves CD62E-dependent migration but not local proliferation.
Reinhardt RL, Bullard DC, Weaver CT, Jenkins MK.
J Exp Med. 2003 Mar 17;197(6):751-62. Epub 2003 Mar 10.
PMID: 12629067
In situ analysis reveals physical interactions between CD11b+ dendritic cells and antigen-specific CD4 T cells after subcutaneous injection of antigen.
Ingulli E, Ulman DR, Lucido MM, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2002 Sep 1;169(5):2247-52.
PMID: 12193689
Flow cytometric analysis of T cell receptor signal transduction.
Zell T, Jenkins MK.
Sci STKE. 2002 Apr 16;2002(128):pl5.
PMID: 11972357
Tracking salmonella-specific CD4 T cells in vivo reveals a local mucosal response to a disseminated infection.
McSorley SJ, Asch S, Costalonga M, Reinhardt RL, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 2002 Mar;16(3):365-77.
PMID: 11911822
Single-cell analysis of signal transduction in CD4 T cells stimulated by antigen in vivo.
Zell T, Khoruts A, Ingulli E, Bonnevier JL, Mueller DL, Jenkins MK.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 11;98(19):10805-10. Epub 2001 Sep 4.
PMID: 11535838
Cutting edge: in vivo identification of TCR redistribution and polarized IL-2 production by naive CD4 T cells.
Reichert P, Reinhardt RL, Ingulli E, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2001 Apr 1;166(7):4278-81.
PMID: 11254679
In vivo activation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells.
Jenkins MK, Khoruts A, Ingulli E, Mueller DL, McSorley SJ, Reinhardt RL, Itano A, Pape KA.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:23-45. Review.
PMID: 11244029
Visualizing the generation of memory CD4 T cells in the whole body.
Reinhardt RL, Khoruts A, Merica R, Zell T, Jenkins MK.
Nature. 2001 Mar 1;410(6824):101-5.
PMID: 11242050
Antibody is required for protection against virulent but not attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.
McSorley SJ, Jenkins MK.
Infect Immun. 2000 Jun;68(6):3344-8.
PMID: 10816483
Antigen-experienced CD4 T cells display a reduced capacity for clonal expansion in vivo that is imposed by factors present in the immune host.
Merica R, Khoruts A, Pape KA, Reinhardt RL, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2000 May 1;164(9):4551-7.
PMID: 10779756
Characterization of CD4+ T cell responses during natural infection with Salmonella typhimurium.
McSorley SJ, Cookson BT, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 2000 Jan 15;164(2):986-93.
PMID: 10623848
Inflammatory cytokines provide a third signal for activation of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Curtsinger JM, Schmidt CS, Mondino A, Lins DC, Kedl RM, Jenkins MK, Mescher MF.
J Immunol. 1999 Mar 15;162(6):3256-62.
PMID: 10092777
Clonal expansion of antigen-specific CD4 T cells following infection with Salmonella typhimurium is similar in susceptible (Itys) and resistant (Ityr) BALB/c mice.
Chen ZM, Jenkins MK.
Infect Immun. 1999 Apr;67(4):2025-9.
PMID: 10085054
Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells that survive after the induction of peripheral tolerance possess an intrinsic lymphokine production defect.
Pape KA, Khoruts A, Ingulli E, Mondino A, Merica R, Jenkins MK.
Novartis Found Symp. 1998;215:103-13; discussion 113-9, 186-90. Review.
PMID: 9760574
Peripheral immune tolerance blocks clonal expansion but fails to prevent the differentiation of Th1 cells.
Malvey EN, Jenkins MK, Mueller DL.
J Immunol. 1998 Sep 1;161(5):2168-77.
PMID: 9725208
Self-reactive B lymphocytes overexpressing Bcl-xL escape negative selection and are tolerized by clonal anergy and receptor editing.
Fang W, Weintraub BC, Dunlap B, Garside P, Pape KA, Jenkins MK, Goodnow CC, Mueller DL, Behrens TW.
Immunity. 1998 Jul;9(1):35-45.
PMID: 9697834
Direct evidence that functionally impaired CD4+ T cells persist in vivo following induction of peripheral tolerance.
Pape KA, Merica R, Mondino A, Khoruts A, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1998 May 15;160(10):4719-29.
PMID: 9590217
Anti-CD3 epsilon F(ab')2 fragments inhibit T cell expansion in vivo during graft-versus-host disease or the primary immune response to nominal antigen.
Blazar BR, Jenkins MK, Taylor PA, White J, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Korngold R, Vallera DA.
J Immunol. 1997 Dec 15;159(12):5821-33
PMID: 9550378
Revealing the in vivo behavior of CD4+ T cells specific for an antigen expressed in Escherichia coli.
Chen ZM, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1998 Apr 1;160(7):3462-70. Erratum in: J Immunol 1999 Jul 15;163(2):1092.
PMID: 9531307
A natural immunological adjuvant enhances T cell clonal expansion through a CD28-dependent, interleukin (IL)-2-independent mechanism.
Khoruts A, Mondino A, Pape KA, Reiner SL, Jenkins MK.
J Exp Med. 1998 Jan 19;187(2):225-36.
PMID: 9432980
A role for inflammatory cytokines in the productive activation of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells.
Pape KA, Jenkins MK.
Agents Actions Suppl. 1998;49:23-31. Review.
PMID: 9426825
Inflammatory cytokines enhance the in vivo clonal expansion and differentiation of antigen-activated CD4+ T cells.
Pape KA, Khoruts A, Mondino A, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1997 Jul 15;159(2):591-8.
PMID: 9218573
In vivo detection of dendritic cell antigen presentation to CD4(+) T cells.
Ingulli E, Mondino A, Khoruts A, Jenkins MK.
J Exp Med. 1997 Jun 16;185(12):2133-41.
PMID: 9182685
Murine lymphotactin: gene structure, post-translational modification and inhibition of expression by CD28 costimulation.
Hautamaa D, Merica R, Chen Z, Jenkins MK.
Cytokine. 1997 Jun;9(6):375-82.
PMID: 9199871
Use of adoptive transfer of T-cell-antigen-receptor-transgenic T cell for the study of T-cell activation in vivo.
Pape KA, Kearney ER, Khoruts A, Mondino A, Merica R, Chen ZM, Ingulli E, White J, Johnson JG, Jenkins MK.
Immunol Rev. 1997 Apr;156:67-78. Review.
PMID: 9176700.
Autoimmunity: when self-tolerance breaks down.
Mueller DL, Jenkins MK.
Curr Biol. 1997 Apr 1;7(4):R255-7. Review.
PMID: 9162505
Defective transcription of the IL-2 gene is associated with impaired expression of c-Fos, FosB, and JunB in anergic T helper 1 cells.
Mondino A, Whaley CD, DeSilva DR, Li W, Jenkins MK, Mueller DL.
J Immunol. 1996 Sep 1;157(5):2048-57.
PMID: 8757326
The anatomy of T-cell activation and tolerance.
Mondino A, Khoruts A, Jenkins MK.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Mar 19;93(6):2245-52. Review.
PMID: 8637857
Studying immunological tolerance by physically monitoring antigen-specific T cells in vivo.
Khoruts A, Jenkins MK.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Feb 13;778:72-9. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 8611018
Neuroantigen-specific Th2 cells are inefficient suppressors of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by effector Th1 cells.
Khoruts A, Miller SD, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1995 Nov 15;155(10):5011-7.
PMID: 7594508
Accumulation of sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins in the cytosol of activated T cells undergoing RNA degradation and apoptosis.
Mondino A, Jenkins MK.
J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 3;270(44):26593-601.
PMID: 7592882
Antigen-dependent clonal expansion of a trace population of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo is dependent on CD28 costimulation and inhibited by CTLA-4.
Kearney ER, Walunas TL, Karr RW, Morton PA, Loh DY, Bluestone JA, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1995 Aug 1;155(3):1032-6.
PMID: 7543510
Molecular mechanisms underlying functional T-cell unresponsiveness.
Mueller DL, Jenkins MK.
Curr Opin Immunol. 1995 Jun;7(3):375-81. Review.
PMID: 7546403
The ups and downs of T cell costimulation.
Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 1994 Sep;1(6):443-6. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 7534615
Prolonged survival without posttransplant immunosuppression in a large animal model.
Granger DK, Matas AJ, Jenkins MK, Moss AA, Chen SC, Almond PS.
Surgery. 1994 Aug;116(2):236-41.
PMID: 8047990
Visualization of peptide-specific T cell immunity and peripheral tolerance induction in vivo.
Kearney ER, Pape KA, Loh DY, Jenkins MK.
Immunity. 1994 Jul;1(4):327-39.
PMID: 7889419
Surface proteins involved in T cell costimulation.
Mondino A, Jenkins MK.
J Leukoc Biol. 1994 Jun;55(6):805-15. Review.
PMID: 7910841
Cyclosporin A inhibits positive selection and delays negative selection in alpha beta TCR transgenic mice.
Urdahl KB, Pardoll DM, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1994 Mar 15;152(6):2853-9.
PMID: 8144886
Monocytes provide a novel costimulatory signal to T cells that is not mediated by the CD28/B7 interaction.
Johnson JG, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1994 Jan 15;152(2):429-37.
PMID: 7506722
The role of anergy in peripheral T cell unresponsiveness.
Johnson JG, Jenkins MK.
Life Sci. 1994;55(23):1767-80. Review.
PMID: 7968257
The murine immune response to the male-specific antigen mouse testicular cytochrome c.
Kelner GS, Minnerath JM, Jenkins MK, Jemmerson R.
Eur J Immunol. 1993 Aug;23(8):1992-8.
PMID: 8393801
Molecules involved in T-cell costimulation.
Jenkins MK, Johnson JG.
Curr Opin Immunol. 1993 Jun;5(3):361-7. Review.
PMID: 7688514
A single amino acid substitution in a cytochrome c T cell stimulatory peptide changes the MHC restriction element from one isotype (I-Ak) to another (I-Ek).
Kelner GS, Jenkins MK, Jemmerson R.
Mol Immunol. 1993 Apr;30(6):569-75.
PMID: 7683749
Costimulating factors and signals relevant for antigen presenting cell function.
Jenkins MK, DeSilva DR, Johnson JG, Norton SD.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;329:87-92. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 8104378
Accessory cell-derived signals required for T cell activation.
Johnson JG, Jenkins MK.
Immunol Res. 1993;12(1):48-64. Review.
PMID: 8099942.
Self-reactive T cells are present in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of cyclosporin A-treated mice.
Urdahl KB, Pardoll DM, Jenkins MK.
Int Immunol. 1992 Dec;4(12):1341-9.
PMID: 1286060
Co-stimulatory functions of antigen-presenting cells.
Johnson JG, Jenkins MK.
J Invest Dermatol. 1992 Nov;99(5):62S-65S. Review.
PMID: 1358981
The CD28 ligand, B7, enhances IL-2 production by providing a costimulatory signal to T cells.
Norton SD, Zuckerman L, Urdahl KB, Shefner R, Miller J, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1992 Sep 1;149(5):1556-61.
PMID: 1380533
Memory and anergy: challenges to traditional models of T lymphocyte differentiation.
Jenkins MK, Miller RA.
FASEB J. 1992 Apr;6(7):2428-33. Review.
PMID: 1563595
nef-naf nexus?
Haase AT, Jenkins MK, Peng H, Urdahl K.
Curr Biol. 1992 Mar;2(3):130-2. No abstract available.
PMID: 15335987
The role of cell division in the induction of clonal anergy.
Jenkins MK.
Immunol Today. 1992 Feb;13(2):69-73. Review.
PMID: 1349483
Accessory cell-derived costimulatory signals regulate T cell proliferation.
Urdahl KB, Jenkins MK, Norton SD.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991 Dec 30;636:33-42.
PMID: 1665322
Clonal anergy is induced in vitro by T cell receptor occupancy in the absence of proliferation.
DeSilva DR, Urdahl KB, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1991 Nov 15;147(10):3261-7.
PMID: 1658142
CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal involved in antigen-specific IL-2 production by human T cells.
Jenkins MK, Taylor PS, Norton SD, Urdahl KB.
J Immunol. 1991 Oct 15;147(8):2461-6.
PMID: 1717561
Cell and receptor requirements for streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin T-cell mitogenicity.
Leonard BA, Lee PK, Jenkins MK, Schlievert PM.
Infect Immun. 1991 Mar;59(3):1210-4.
PMID: 1997426
IL-2 secretion and T cell clonal anergy are induced by distinct biochemical pathways.
Norton SD, Hovinen DE, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1991 Feb 15;146(4):1125-9.
PMID: 1846893
Induction and maintenance of anergy in mature T cells.
Jenkins MK, Mueller D, Schwartz RH, Carding S, Bottomley K, Stadecker MJ, Urdahl KB, Norton SD.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;292:167-76. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 1950767
A monoclonal antibody specific for a cytochrome c T cell stimulatory peptide inhibits T cell responses and affects the way the peptide associates with antigen-presenting cells.
Jemmerson R, Johnson JG, Burrell E, Taylor PS, Jenkins MK.
Eur J Immunol. 1991 Jan;21(1):143-51.
PMID: 1846813
Molecular requirements for T cell activation by the staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1.
Norton SD, Schlievert PM, Novick RP, Jenkins MK.
J Immunol. 1990 Mar 15;144(6):2089-95.
PMID: 2313089
Antigen presentation by resting B cells. Effectiveness at inducing T cell proliferation is determined by costimulatory signals, not T cell receptor occupancy.
Jenkins MK, Burrell E, Ashwell JD.
J Immunol. 1990 Mar 1;144(5):1585-90.
PMID: 2307834